by Deji Asiru-Balogun

A good breeder will be willing to let you see the environment in which the dogs are bred and raised.

If you pick a good breeder, the dog you choose will have a leg up on life from the start. After all, it’s in the breeder’s own best interests to make sure the dogs he breeds are healthy, well-socialized and the best of their type.

The breeder’s role is an ancient one. It began when an early human and a wolf or wild pariah dog struck up a friendship. Over time, humans continued to favor intelligent dogs that enjoyed learning and being around people.

Without understanding the far-reaching results of what they were doing, our prehistoric ancestors became the first breeders. They selected out agreeable dogs that could perform work to help the family by gathering
food, pulling a sleigh or guarding and leading other domesticated animals. When these dogs mated, they perpetuated their abilities; thus, we domesticated the dog, just as we did cattle, goats and sheep. We also differentiated dogs, according to their roles in human society.

Today, some 10,000 to 14,000 years after the first dog happily licked a human hand, there are as many as 850 dog breeds worldwide. The American Kennel Club (AKC) recognizes over 150 of them in its registry. Nigeria is yet to come up with a well regulated Kennel Club.

What the Breeder Does

Breeders strive to achieve physical conformation in their dogs. That means a dog must meet the standards that make
his breed unique – size, body shape, the way the ears and tail are set, the angle of the stance. Above all, the dogs must be healthy, with each generation further minimizing the chance of genetic flaws.

In order to evaluate and choose a breeder, you must understand the characteristics that would make him top-notch. The majority of responsible breeders pursue their calling as a hobby; they are just enamored with a particular type of dog. They know everything there is to know about a breed’s behaviors and potential health problems. Some also might make a living as professional trainers; they might show dogs. But they always make a lifetime commitment to each dog that they breed. They don’t tally their rewards in purely financial gain.

A breeder must know the ancestry of a pup and his parents for at least several generations back. He needs this information to understand each pup’s personality and health tendencies, as well as to maintain good standing among fellow breeders and to meet Kennel Club requirements. A good breeder also looks to the future: He usually requires buyers to keep him informed about a dog’s health throughout his life.

Breeders Choose Buyers Carefully

Many breeders choose each dog’s buyer as carefully as a buyer would choose a breeder.

They’ll ask for a history of your relationship with dogs and other pets; quiz you on your knowledge of the breed; even probe into your family’s habits and schedule. Many breeders require you to sign a contract, stipulating how you will care for your dog.

A responsible breeder raises a limited number of dogs. He does not over-breed; he breeds a dam only when he is certain he has enough responsible people to buy the pups she will produce. And he breeds when the parents are two years or older, after the most egregious genetic flaws would be evident. A responsible breeder breeds ONLY after the second heat cycle.

A breeder goes to great lengths to find a mate for his sire or dam. That means that both dogs are of age; proven to be healthy, intelligent, easily socialized; and capable of filling the roles they’re bred for, be it hunter, herder, protector or companion. Even if the resulting pups won’t be raised for showing, some breeders travel great distances with their dogs to make the right match. In Nigeria, ‘breeders’ travel great distances to get the right HEAD size!

Once a female is impregnated, the breeder provides her with a healthy, calm environment; supports her through birthing and her puppy’s early days. He socializes each puppy so they’re used to humans and provides a stimulating environment for them. He interviews buyers and educates those he chooses to sell to.

The fees you’ll pay a breeder, beginning with a down payment, reflect the expenses incurred at every stage of the process, from mating through follow-up. Fees vary, depending upon a breed’s rarity, geographic location and special requirements, such as cesarean birthing for certain breeds (e.g. the British bulldog).

But beware of breeders who overcharge because a breed is popular at the moment. In the true spirit of responsible breeding, it costs the same to breed a St. Bernard whether or not he resembles the pet movie star of the month. 

Responsible breeders know about their breed. Responsible breeders screen for genetic diseases and maintain good veterinary and breeding records. Responsible breeders offer a written health guarantee with each puppy they sell. Responsible breeders are always available to offer help and advice to their new puppy owners. Responsible breeders always breed their dogs with the thought of improving their line. **This paragraph disqualifies 95% of Nigerian breeders.

How To Recognize a Responsible Breeder

• A good breeder will be knowledgeable about the breed and the common genetic diseases in that breed.

• A good breeder will offer you support with your new puppy, and always help you place the dog (or take it back) if for some reason you cannot keep the dog.

• A good breeder will be able to show you both parents, and in the case of a male that lives off the premises, will have a photograph and history available.

• A good breeder will carefully screen potential buyers to ensure that the dogs will be placed in an appropriate home.

• A good breeder’s kennel or home will appear clean and well maintained.

• A good breeder will be willing to answer your questions about the breed and the appropriate care for your dog.

• A good breeder will be willing to let you see the environment in which the dogs are bred and raised.

• A good breeder will allow you to see the pups but may not allow you to handle all of them. Exposure to many different people can increase the risk of illness in the pups. Only serious buyers should be allowed to handle the pups to limit exposure.

Choose a Healthy Puppy

When choosing your puppy, try to make sure he is healthy and well cared for. At six weeks of age, the pup should have had at least one vaccination for distemper, parvo, hepatitis and para-influenza and received at least one dose of dewormer. Also, look for the following traits:

• Active, playful and well-socialized; puppy should not appear fearful
• Bright eyes, with no discharge of any sort
• No nasal discharge
• Clean ears and skin
• Pink gums and correctly aligned teeth
• Well-proportioned body
• Shiny coat
• Good eyesight and hearing-check this by jingling your keys and seeing if the dog responds.

Always have your new puppy examined by your veterinarian as soon as possible. If there is a medical problem, you should be able to return the pup to the breeder.

In reality, I know that I have described less than 3% of Nigerian dog breeders above; I am sorry, but it is what it is! You (both breeder and potential dog parent) have me (the pet broker) to facilitate responsible dog transactions.

Until next time.

‘Deji

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Op-ed pieces and contributions are the opinions of the writers only and do not represent the opinions of Y!/YNaija.